Groundwater remediation techniques pdf
Groundwater remediation techniques pdf
Groundwater remediation techniques pdf. Basic scheme of pollutants Phytoremediation in soil [6] [6 Figures Abstract . 4. The BMP fact sheet series also addresses remediation technologies sometimes used in conjunction with bioremediation, such as soil vapor extraction or groundwater pump and treat systems. Sep 16, 2016 · Although bioremediation techniques are diverse (Fig. , 2023). 7 MB) May 2018, EPA 542-R-18-002. Sulphate, with sulphur in the plus six oxidation state is very stable. Hence, the objective of this study is to present a comprehensive review, offering insights into diverse aspects of sewer leaks and their impacts on the urban groundwater system. ZVI is an inexpensive groundwater remediation technology. Sulphate is not This volume provides comprehensive up-to-date descriptions of the principles and practices of in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) for groundwater remediation based on a decade of intensive research, development, and demonstrations, and lessons learned from commercial field applications. There are many different groundwater remediation methods, but they all have the same goal: clean polluted water. Groundwater remediation is a procedure that cures contaminated groundwater by removing contaminants and converting them to harmless Mar 31, 2020 · The biostimulation of environments impacted by WMO, as occurs in the soil, is based on the use of various strategies that induce heterotrophic microbial activity, WMO oxidation (11)(12)(13)(14). Jan 14, 2019 · Groundwater pollution is imminent in most developing countries as a result of increased anthropogenic activities apart from possible natural pollutants. Oct 11, 2018 · the main remediation techniques applied to soils, sediments, and groundwater. This paper questions whether CBA is relevant for evaluating groundwater management options at the scale of large regional aquifers. GROs are based on the combined use of plants and their associated microorganisms, partly aided through the use of organic and inorganic amendments, and soil Apr 1, 2011 · It is evident that for a good efficiency of remediation, techniques or even whole new technologies may be incorporated into an existing technology as a treatment train, improving its performance Sep 29, 2021 · In this paper, a review of the importance of groundwater, contamination and biological, physical as well as chemical remediation techniques have been discussed. Most ground water treatment techniques utilize a combination of technologies. EPA. 1). preventing the contamination migration and exposure; active restoration, i. Nov 1, 2021 · As a result, there has been a myriad of technologies and techniques proposed for monitoring and treating contaminated groundwater (Rivett et al. Chemical techniques use various chemicals to treat the contaminated water groundwater contamination and remediation techniques. The storage of groundwater monitoring data (including that generated by private sector Jan 5, 2024 · Groundwater pollution poses a significant threat globally, particularly in developing countries where inadequate sanitation facilities contribute to growing concerns about contamination from sewer leaks. Phytoremediation techniques can also be used for the treatment of wastewater. , 2021, 2022; Singh et al. Wastewater. Groundwater decontamination and groundwater remediation are in the brink of an imminent and inevitable disaster in today’s world of environmental engineering science. Nov 22, 2019 · Groundwater resources in need of cleanup are a worldwide problem. Trees act like a pump, drawing the groundwater up through their roots to keep it from moving. It is the most commonly used reductant for in situ groundwater remediation. Apr 1, 2022 · In this context, the last few decades have seen the rise of gentle soil remediation options (GROs), which include in-situ contaminant stabilization and phytoremediation techniques. POINT SOURCES OF POLLUTION: LOCAL EFFECTS AND IT’S CONTROL – Vol. , 2015; Ma et al. Abstract . What is groundwater remediation? Groundwater remediation is the method of treating polluted groundwater by either removing the contamination entirely or converting it into safe products. Groundwater Remediation Methods. removal and treatment of the contamination; and natural attenuation through biological, naturally occurring chemical, or physical degradation processes so that contaminant is The use of nanomaterials such as zero valent iron (nZVI) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) in environmental cleanup like ground water remediation for drinking and reuse is summarized. Groundwater provides approximately 98% of fresh water globally (Water Science School, 2019). , 2022). Contaminants may reach ground water from activities on the land surface, such as releases or spills Jun 18, 2021 · Groundwater pollution remediation involves three remedial approaches: containment, i. Point source pollution (e. In order to decrease the health risk deriving from a contamination event, a number of cleanup and corrective actions, collectively called remediation, can be implemented. wiley. In many cases, industrialization and human activities have introduced contamination to groundwater, rendering it unsuitable for human use. Nanoremediation has emerged as an effective, rapid, and efficient technology for soil and Site remediation is a complex and costly process that aims to restore adversely affected land and groundwater resources to environmentally sustainable conditions. An introduction to the principles and practices of soil and groundwater remediation Soil and Groundwater Remediation offers a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the principles, practices, and concepts of sustainability of soil and groundwater remediation. 1), most studies on bioremediation are focused on hydrocarbons on account of frequent pollution of soil and ground water with this particular type of pollutant (Frutos et al. , 2014). It is a strong reducing agent capable of successfully reducing major groundwater contaminants such as chlorinated solvents. municipal Aug 10, 2021 · Nanotechnology has been widely used in many fields including in soil and groundwater remediation. </b></p> <p>Groundwater is one of the Earth's most precious resources. Pump-and-Treat Ground-Water Remediation. H. However, since industrialization in the 1940 s and 1950 s, developed and developing societies continuously produce massive amounts of organic and inorganic pollutants, such as alkenes, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), benzene, antibiotics, synthetic dyes, herbicides, and The contamination of fluoride in groundwater, their adverse health impacts, and some possible remediation measures from toxicity will be discussed thoroughly in the chapter. Aug 15, 2022 · Advanced techniques are capable to attain significantly higher nitrate and other co-contaminants removal from groundwater. removal and treatment of the contamination; and natural attenuation through biological, naturally occurring chemical, or physical degradation processes so that contaminant is The Ground-Water Remediation Technologies Analysis Center (GWRTAC) is a national environmental technology transfer center that provides information on the use of innovative technologies to clean-up contaminated groundwater. As shown in Fig. 12 The Future of Groundwater Remediation and the Issue of Drinking Water Treatment. The book integrates green materials, cleaner processes, and sustainability assessment Jan 1, 2020 · There are various challenges for the effective long-term remediation of recalcitrant organic pollutants in groundwater, such as back diffusion, tailing, and rebound. g. Jun 18, 2021 · Groundwater pollution remediation involves three remedial approaches: containment, i. The hydrogeology of the site can determine whether the inoculum can spread from the injection point or if injection is even possible. Aug 22, 2024 · Brownfields Road Map to Understanding Options for Site Investigation and Cleanup. The process description, applicability, limitations and a case study for each of these technologies are also presented. Remediation can be applied directly at the site of contamination (in situ) or off site (ex Jun 23, 2017 · <p><b>Written by one of the world's foremost authorities on the subject, this is the most comprehensive and in-depth treatment available to environmental engineers and scientists for the remediation of groundwater, one of the earth's most precious resources. Zhang Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China Sep 29, 2021 · The provision of safe water for people is a human right; historically, a major number of people depend on groundwater as a source of water for their needs, such as agricultural, industrial or human activities. Jan 1, 2010 · Some of the remediation technologies currently available are presented in this invited lecture, in particular, the theory, state of development, applicability, limitations, remediation efficiency Apr 14, 2022 · Groundwater remediation design is crucial to contemporary water resources management, which is prone to massive computational costs due to the complexity and nonlinearity of the groundwater system. 2. Dealing primarily with the sources of ions in groundwater, the book describes geogenic and anthropogenic input of ions into water. Apr 1, 2021 · View PDF; Download full issue; Arsenic contamination, effects and remediation techniques: A special look onto membrane separation processes In the case of Dec 1, 2022 · 1. Zhang ©Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) REMEDIATION TECHNIQUES FOR SOIL AND GROUNDWATER X. See full list on onlinelibrary. Groundwater and Soil Remediation describes conventional treatment technologies and explains how they are designed and what they cost. 2010; Sui and Li 2011; Kim et al. , 2013; Gong et al. Jul 29, 2020 · Pump-And-Treat Ground-Water Remediation: A Guide for Decision Makers and Practitioners (PDF) (90 pp, 2. Some of the biological treatment techniques include bioaugmentation, bioventing, biosparging, bioslurping, and phytoremediation. Groundwater Geochemistry: Pollution and Remediation Methods Jun 18, 2021 · This book contains both practical and theoretical aspects of groundwater resources relating to geochemistry. Established in 1995, GWRTAC is operated by Concurrent Technologies Corporation (CTC) in This Special Issue of Water brings together 10 studies on groundwater contamination and remediation. Plant based remediation methods for slurries of dredged material and metal contaminated soils had been proposed since the mid-1970s (Cunningham and Berti, 1993). This paper aims to present and review the work of other researchers in the recent years (especially after 2018) and to discuss the latest Oct 1, 2011 · Biological treatment methods exploit natural biological processes that allow certain plants and micro-organisms to help in the remediation of metals in soil and groundwater. Except for uncommon geogenic origins, heavy metal contaminants are inadvertently introduced to soils through anthropogenic activities such as mining, smelting, warfare and military training, electronic industries, fossil fuel consumption, waste disposal, agrochemical use, and Feb 1, 2015 · Groundwater is used for the irrigation to cultivate a variety of crops and vegetables, and thus irrigation with As-enriched groundwater is the main pathway for As to enter the human food chain (Das et al. Further categorization results in the consideration of biological, chemical, and physical treatment techniques, with methods alphabetized within categories. com In situ bioremediation (ISB) of groundwater involves the encouragement of indigenous bacterial populations to metabolize target contaminants through the addition of various amendments (biostimulation) to the subsurface environment. . Different When this occurs, it is vital to remove or reduce the pollutants in the water as soon as possible, using a process known as groundwater remediation. This method of phytoremediation is called “hydraulic control. The remediation technologies include pump-and-treat, in-situ air sparging, in-situ flushing, and permeable reactive barriers. A Guide for Decision Makers and Practitioners (1996) (PDF) (90 pp, 2. Suggested ROD Language for Various Groundwater Remediation Options (PDF) (9 pp, 52 K) Aug 4, 2022 · Thermal remediation technologies are fast and effective tools for the remediation of contaminated soils and sediments. Dig and dump , also known as excavation and disposal, is one of the most popular ex situ techniques for remediation of contaminated soil and water. Dec 11, 2015 · Paper deals with a review of basic remediation techniques and methods for soils and their limits and benefits for environment. In situ soil and groundwater remediation requires a method that introduces activated carbon (AC)-based amendments. May 30, 2023 · Request PDF | Groundwater vulnerability and risk mitigation: A comprehensive review of the techniques and applications | Groundwater is a crucial resource that sustains various human activities Jan 2, 2020 · Most abundant form of sulphur in the geosphere has been sulphate. Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary field that has gained significant momentum in recent years. Groundwater is one of the most vital water sources for agricultural irrigation, industrial production and urban living (Liu et al. 2. Aug 15, 2018 · 1. The site, which covers an area of 60,000 m 2, was the location of a former tar plant which operated from 1878 to 1932. It highlights the difficulties related to estimating the cost of groundwater protection and remediation and groundwater or the local sewer system, and properly dispose of the spent absorbents. specific conditions, and efficacy when properly implemented. Secondly, it was tried to analyse different remediation techniques within a short period of time to enable a direct comparison of the toxicity reduction efficiency. Oct 18, 2019 · (2) Optimization of groundwater remediation design under uncertainty. Key Features: Discusses conventional and novel aspects of soil and groundwater remediation technologies harmful chemicals in soil and groundwater using heat. Soil contamination by heavy metals is a worldwide problem for human health and safe food production. This review is an approach to comprehensively emphasize on i) chemistry and occurrence of Cd in groundwater and its concomitant response on human health ii) sustainable Cd remediation techniques, iii) and associated costs. Jun 15, 2023 · Among them, in-situ remediation techniques can be divided into bioremediation techniques, groundwater recycling well remediation techniques, electro-remediation techniques, chemical reaction remediation techniques, and permeable reactive barriers (PRB) (Xie et al. Download full-text PDF. Jul 30, 2022 · munity scheme groundwater remediation plants in rural areas can assist in eliminating waterborne diseases. Oct 19, 2023 · Examples of Groundwater Remediation at NPL Sites (PDF) (114 pp, 2. e. This report highlights a select number of example National Priorities List (NPL) sites where EPA has used innovative and established technologies to restore groundwater for use as a source of drinking water. However, conceptual models of remediation can change as new research, new technologies, and new performance data become available. Common themes include practical techniques for plume identification and delineation, the central role of subsurface processes, the pervasiveness of non-Fickian transport, and the importance of bacterial communities in the broader context of biogeochemistry. Gypsum is an important contributor to the high levels of sulphate in many aquifer of the world. Discussion This research was done with the objective to establish an on line biomonitor for the toxicity reduction evaluation of groundwater remediation techniques. Jan 17, 2024 · In situ bioremediation of groundwater has become one of the most widely used technologies for contaminated site treatment because of its relatively low cost, adaptability to site. Groundwater remediation is the process used to remove/reduce concentration of contaminants up to the level that ground water can be safely used for various applications. , 2011) which is the potential human health risk have recently received attention, especially for Jan 1, 2012 · In groundwater remediation, the inoculum often has to be injected into a well, where it must diffuse enough to obtain good coverage of the area but not leave the polluted site. The remediation of contaminated groundwater is important for improving the quality of the water environment, developing water resources and ensuring the safety of drinking water (Wang et al. Residential, municipal, commercial, industrial, and agricultural activities can all affect quality of ground water. This practical book provides design details and examples of remediation techniques with an emphasis on the integration of remediation technologies into a process design scheme. For people all across the world, groundwater is a vital source of water. Despite extensive research, more time and cost-effective approaches for remediation of N contaminated groundwater are continuously sought. 2014; Firmino et al. Groundwater remediation technologies are designed, installed, and operated based on the conceptual models of contaminant hydrogeology that are accepted at that time. Focusing on recent research in groundwater resources, this book helps readers to understand the hydrogeochemistry of groundwater resources. It is likely that several remediation techniques, • Ground water extraction remediation efforts are highly required to restore its quality. Chemical engineering techniques are applied to civil/environmental engineering and hydrogeologic surface and subsurface contamination problems Jan 14, 2021 · Examples of Groundwater Remediation at NPL Sites (EPA 542-R-18-002). Eighteen methods are reviewed that pertain to the remediation of soils (Table 1). 11. 1 Ex Situ Remediation Techniques 5. Introduction. , 2021; P. Physical remediation techniques involve the removal of contaminated soil or water from the site, either through excavation or pumping (Pradhan et al. ). Since its inception in 1981, we have played a unique role in advancing the practice of groundwater monitoring and remediation by providing innovative research with Techniques for assessing potential vulnerability of a groundwater remediation system may include: • Collecting qualitative information such as photographs of system components and current field conditions. ” It reduces the movement of contaminated groundwater toward clean areas offsite. Oct 26, 2022 · Groundwater contamination is a problem in several areas around the world, notably in the industrial belts. , 2019a). Research focus, urge to excel and the vision forward are the utmost focal points of the future. Zhang Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China Dec 8, 2013 · The use of cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is increasingly advocated as a tool for supporting water planning decisions, in particular at the local (site) level. 1 Dig and Dump Technique. Without Nov 1, 2018 · Download full-text PDF Read full-text. , 2004, Chatterjee et al. Water samples were collected from sixteen (16) different wells at the peak period of both dry and rainy seasons from three (3) strategic areas that have major dumpsites in Jos. , 2010, Samal et al. We use it for drinking, bathing, and many other purposes. Biological: This method uses microorganisms, organic matter, and plants to clean contaminated groundwater Jan 15, 2022 · In this paper, the principles, advantages and disadvantages, progress, influencing factors and mechanisms of the in-situ remediation techniques most suitable for nitrate remediation in groundwater were systematically reviewed to provide theoretical basis and guidance for nitrate remediation on field-scale. Water resources have recently been affected by organic and/or inorganic contaminants as a result of population growth and increased anthropogenic activity, soil leaching and pollution of contaminated groundwater. , 2020). This guide is an introduction to pump-and-treat groundwater remediation. This study argues that there is no lack of groundwater remediation techniques suitable for rural areas setups, there seems to be a lack of an adequate and sustainable groundwater remediation design and application. Sources of sulphate in groundwater include mineral dissolution, atmospheric deposition and other anthropogenic sources (mining, fertilizer, etc. Large Groundwater Abstractors—records of metered well abstraction and water levels Small Groundwater Abstractors—general feedback on well characteristics and performance Potential Groundwater Polluters—defensive quality monitoring at site level. 1 (a), a total of 1145 publications including Sep 1, 2022 · Therefore, it is vital to conduct groundwater remediation due to the high level of risk associated with contamination of groundwater sources (Khan et al. Mar 28, 2023 · This approach addresses the back diffusion problem better than traditional groundwater remediation techniques such as pump and treat 75 (Supplementary Table 1), which has resulted in rebound PRB systems usually have relatively high capital investment costs (planning and construction), whereas operation and maintenance costs are normally much lower than those of most active remediation techniques, although this depends on case-specific factors such as the type of contamination, the hydraulic conditions on site, etc. This study assessed groundwater quality around some dumpsites in Jos metropolis, Plateau State, Nigeria. Established in 1995, GWRTAC is operated by the National Environmental Technology Applications Apr 10, 2020 · Future prospects of soil and groundwater remediation are critically discussed in this book. investigations are further addressed in a companion BMP fact sheet. Keywords Groundwater, contamination, remediation, pump-and-treat, air sparging, Sep 29, 2021 · Zero-valent iron (ZVI) is the most popular reactive material used in the abiotic remediation of groundwater; after the reaction of ZVI with the contaminants, low solubility minerals will be precipitated, for example, the remediation of U and Cr from groundwater, which is removed by the precipitation of these contaminants by the abiotic process. , 2014; Shah and Daverey, 2020; Zhao et al. Sep 14, 2021 · In the context of global climate change due to rising temperatures, lack of irrigation water, and improper land use by people, the processes of land degradation are developing with great force (1 Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation® publishes papers containing cutting-edge information on treatment technology, columns by industry experts, news briefs, and equipment news. 2016). , 2021; He et al. Nevertheless, the high energy consumption and the effect of high temperature Ground water can become contaminated from natural sources or numerous types of human activities. Hence, readers will learn to understand the future prospects of soil and groundwater contaminants and remediation measures. The contaminants are both of organic (e. Sharma et al. , 2002). Water (wastewater and groundwater)4. It serves as a roadmap for the reader, preparing them for the detailed discussions on hydraulic manipulation systems for soil and groundwater remediation in the upcoming sections of the chapter. Constructed wetlands are another form of phytoremediation. The sites in which pollutants exceed the preset levels of risks are referred to as hot spots. , 2018; Cho et al. The technical and environmental challenges in designing optimal groundwater remediation systems are the spatial variability of natural aquifers, uncertain aquifer parameters, and complex site characteristics, which affect both the cost and efficiency of remediation. • Extrapolating quantitative data documented in resources such as NOAA or USGS mapping systems. , chlorinated Jul 26, 2024 · The policy puts clear priority on preventing ground-water contamination, recognizes that groundwater is a uniquely local resource tor which States and local governments must assume primary responsibility, and strives to improve EPA's coordination of groundwater activities under all relevant statutes and programs. Groundwater remedies will often have a restoration RAO based on the NCP expectation that groundwater will be restored to its beneficial use within a reasonable timeframe. Sep 10, 2022 · Given the severity and universality of heavy metal contaminated sites, some remediation technologies have been developed, including soil thermal desorption, soil washing, phytoremediation, and so on (Ali et al. Apr 21, 2021 · There are dozens of specific types of environmental remediation techniques, as you can see in this abridged list: #1. Models are a simplification of reality to investigate certain phenomena or to predict future behaviour. Some chemicals are destroyed underground during the heating process. Community-based remediation plants have been successful in providing safe drinking water to the affected population. However, the challenges of by-products generation and high energy consumption need to be addressed in implementing these technologies for groundwater remediation for potable use. With extensive illustrations, tables, and case studies, this book has a simple-to-follow writing style that makes it appropriate for use as a classroom text as well as a reference for Jan 10, 2024 · This introduction outlines the key remediation methods, their benefits and limitations, and the synergy between various techniques. Sources of pollution can be categorized into two major types: point source pollution and non-point source pollution. Thermal treatment is described as “in situ” because the heat The good news is, pollutants and contaminants can be removed from groundwater by applying various remediation techniques. Nanoparticles are the key players that have promised many benefits through their nano-enabled applications in multiple The Ground-Water Remediation Technologies Analysis Center (GWRTAC) is a national environmental technology transfer center that provides information on the use of innovative technologies to clean-up contaminated groundwater. In these examples, groundwater was successfully restored for drinking POINT SOURCES OF POLLUTION: LOCAL EFFECTS AND IT’S CONTROL – Vol. 4 The site of the groundwater remediation system is situated close to the southern city limits of Vienna, in Brunn am Gebirge, Austria, south of highway A21 (Fig. Jan 1, 2024 · 1. This report highlights some National Priorities List sites where EPA has used innovative and established technologies to restore groundwater for use as drinking water. The chemicals move through soil and groundwater toward wells where they are collected and piped to the ground surface to be treated using other cleanup methods. Jan 1, 2015 · This article presents a review of In-Situ remediation technique of ground water and contains seven type of In-Situ remediation technique of ground water. Jan 1, 2011 · Groundwater Modelling is an efficient tool for groundwater management and remediation. Brownfields Road Map 6th Edition breaks down Brownfields site investigation and cleanup into an easy to understand, step-by-step process that provides valuable and up-to-date information to a wide range of Brownfields stakeholders involved in or affected by the redevelopment of Brownfields sites. The book starts with an overview of the importance of groundwater resource/quality, contaminant sources/types, and the scope of soil and Sustainable Remediation of Contaminated Soil and Groundwater: Materials, Processes, and Assessment provides the remediation tools and techniques necessary for simultaneously saving time and money and maximizing environmental, social and economic benefits. , 2018). 2015). These technologies can be classi fi ed as fi ve processes, i. There are many different methods and techniques when it comes to groundwater remediation. 76 MB) This guide provides an introduction to pump and treat remediation, from the perspective of a time when pump and treat was a widely used treatment technology. RCRA Section 3020(b) Guidance: Feb 9, 2024 · This directive clarifies and expands the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response’s (now the Office of Land and Emergency Management) general policy concerning contaminated groundwater remediation, especially regarding non-aqueous phase liquid contaminants. Remediation can be done by applying various physical, chemical and biological techniques Treatment methods are divided into those for soil remediation and for surface and groundwater remediation. Abstract: This book provides the theory and application of proven soil and groundwater remediation techniques with an emphasis on the integration of remediation technologies into a process design scheme. physical, chemical, biological, thermal, and combined. 1. 5 Drinking water is most often the beneficial use of groundwater, but non-potable use is possible if groundwater is determined to be unsuitable for human consumption 6 Jul 1, 2022 · Integration of nano-phytoremediation components has potential to increase remediation efficiency (Srivastav et al. 8 MB) July 1996, Office of Research and Development, EPA/625/R-95/005. Six were taken within (0-30 meters) to dumpsites and the other ten far away (30-150 meters) from the dumpsites Mar 28, 2023 · This approach addresses the back diffusion problem better than traditional groundwater remediation techniques such as pump and treat 75 (Supplementary Table 1), which has resulted in rebound PRB systems usually have relatively high capital investment costs (planning and construction), whereas operation and maintenance costs are normally much lower than those of most active remediation techniques, although this depends on case-specific factors such as the type of contamination, the hydraulic conditions on site, etc. Traditional surrogate methods that can reduce the computational costs tend to encounter barriers of scalability and accuracy when the input–output relationship is highly nonlinear or high Apr 20, 2022 · Cadmium (Cd), a non-essential trace element, it's intrusion in groundwater has ubiquitous implications on the environment and human health. This includes Aug 1, 2023 · Remediation technologies on the other hand are used to remove or reduce contamination in the groundwater system. Ground water remediation techniques span biological, chemical, and physical treatment technologies. Adapted from the International Centre for Soil and Contaminated Sites (ICSS) Manual for Biological Remediation Techniques (2006) The CLU-IN focus page on DNAPLs provides additional information on bioremediation approaches and preferred conditions (aerobic or anaerobic) for numerous halogenated alkanes and halogenated alkenes, including ethanes and ethenes. For instance, there are in- Dec 31, 2022 · The best remediation technologies for containing groundwater water are pump and treatment, excavation method, permeable reactive barrier, air sparging, electrokinetic remediation, chemical Several remediation techniques, such as physical, chemical, and biological methods, have been implemented to mitigate groundwater contamination in India. The three most common groundwater remediation methods are categorized into biological, chemical, and physical. Activated carbon-based technology. (Bayer et al. Traditional remediation techniques, such as pump and treat (P&T), often require long periods of operation, resulting in high energy inputs and large environmental footprints. Jan 27, 2020 · 5. II - Remediation Techniques for Soil and Groundwater - X. Groundwater remediation is the process that is used to treat groundwater by removing the pollutants. This study reviewed groundwater pollution and discussed possible remediation measures. ieyyj mqwqx xqpmdp moc qmqe kvw lxqesd ijwj biglsc uwg